Department of Economics

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Goals for Second and Third Year Graduate Students

During your second and third years, the PhD degree requires that students complete:
1. All of the Preliminary Examinations
2. The Economic History Requirement
3. Courses in Three Fields
4. Two Presentations in the Economics 501 Seminar
5. Attend other courses that interest you
6. Supervised Teaching Experience
7. A Dissertation Prospectus presented at an Oral Examination

Preliminary Examinations

If a student has not already passed all three preliminary examinations, there is an absolute requirement that they must have passed all of them by the September sitting at the end of the second year. Otherwise the student will not be permitted to enter their third year. Note that students will only be allowed to take the September sitting if they have completed two preliminary examinations by the June sitting and written one Economics 501 paper (see below) by July 31 at the end of the second year. Passing all three examinations will admit a student to "doctoral candidacy."

Economic History Requirement

Students must take either Economics 420-1 Advanced Topics in American Economic History or 420-1 Advanced Topics in European Economic History for a letter grade. In some years, additional economic history courses may be scheduled as Economics 498 Advanced Topics in Economics. The director of Graduate Studies will announce in the Graduate Connection newsletter if these courses meet the economic history requirement.

Typically, Economic History courses are partially evaluated by the writing of a research paper. Students have one calendar year after taking the course to submit the paper.

Courses in Three Fields

Completion of a field consists of taking and passing a two-quarter sequence of courses for letter grades. You must complete three different fields.

The Economics Department offers a number of field sequences:

  • Economics 412-1,2,3 Economic Theory and Methods (any two courses counts as a sequence)
  • Economics 414-1,2,3 Economics of Information (414-1 with either 414-2 or 414-3 counts as a sequence)
  • Economics 415-1,2 Advanced Microeconomics
  • Economics 416-1,2,3 Advanced Macroeconomics (any two courses counts as a sequence)
  • Economics 420-1,2 Economic History (students may elect to exceed the Department's Economic History requirement and take Economic History as a primary field. If so, they must write a research paper in both courses and present one in the Economics 501 seminar)
  • Economics 425-1,2 Theory of Economic Development
  • Economics 436-1,2 Theory and Practice of Public Finance
  • Economics 440-1,2,3 Economics of the Labor Market (440-1 with either 440-2 or 440-3 counts as a sequence)
  • Economics 450-1,2,3 Industrial Organization and Prices (450-1 with either 450-2 or 450-3 counts as a sequence)
  • Economics 460-1,2 International Trade
  • Economics 481-1,2,3 Econometrics (any two courses, or in combination with Economics 482 Applied Econometrics: Time Series Methods or Economics 483 Applied Econometrics: Cross Sectional Methods, counts as a sequence)

The Director of Graduate Studies has the ability to approve additional sequences from courses offered as Economics 498 Advanced Topics in Economics or from doctoral courses offered by the Departments of Finance, Managerial Economics and Decision Sciences, and Management and Strategy in the Kellogg School of Management. More unusually, doctoral courses offered elsewhere in the University may be counted at the discretion of the Director. In all cases, the student should consult with the Director of Graduate Studies prior to undertaking a proposed sequence.

Two Presentations in the Economics 501 Seminar

Each student must write and orally present two research papers in the Economics 501 Graduate Student Seminar, a regular seminar, or an organized field "lunch." Two faculty member readers must approve the paper. The second paper may be a revised version of the first, but only if the readers feel that sufficient progress has been made. It is the Department's intention that the Economics 501 seminar should be an opportunity to present work in progress that will hopefully become part of the student's dissertation.

The Department expects that the first Economics 501 paper should be completed by July 31 at the end of the second year. Certification of this paper by one faculty member is required by July 31 as part of the prerequisites for third year funding. The certification form can be obtained from the Graduate Program Coordinator's office, or downloaded in PDF format.

This paper is then presented in the Economics 501 seminar (or equivalent) during the Fall Quarter of the third year.

The second paper is typically completed by the Winter Quarter of the third year and presented in the Economics 501 seminar (or equivalent) during the later part of the Winter Quarter and the Spring Quarter of the third year. See below for further information on the structure and practical requirements for the Economics 501 seminar.

Other Courses

In addition to the courses taken as part of field sequences, students are encouraged to take additional courses that they find interesting. Unlike courses that count as part of their field sequences, students can either audit these classes or register on a pass/no credit (P/N) basis.

Supervised Teaching Experience

All doctoral students are required to act as a teaching assistant for at least one quarter at some point in their graduate career (this need not necessarily occur in the second or third years). As part of these duties, the student must lead a weekly discussion section. Teaching experience is an essential part of graduate training. Students who are fully funded for all years of their study from non-departmental sources, should "volunteer" as an unpaid Teaching Assistant for one quarter by arranging this with the Associate Chair. Foreign students must demonstrate acceptable English proficiency as prescribed by The Graduate School. Evaluations are made and kept as part of the students' record.

This is a variant of a long-standing requirement which the Department decided to enforce in December 2006. The requirement will be enforced for students entering the program in 2005 and later. While the Department will not enforce it for students entering prior to 2005, it is strongly encouraged.

A Dissertation Prospectus presented at an Oral Examination

The Department expects that students making good progress should have successfully defended their dissertation prospectus by July 31 at the end of their third year. This is a requirement for fourth year funding. It signifies two things. The first is that you have an acceptable thesis proposal, which you defend at an oral examination. The second is that you have completed all of our coursework which comprises (a) the preliminary examinations (b) three field course sequences, (c) two Economics 501 presentations, and (d) the department's economic history requirement.

The oral examination ascertains whether the student's dissertation topic is feasible. The student selects a prospective thesis advisor and a committee of examiners. The student works with the advisor and committee to write a thesis proposal, which is the basis of the oral examination. It is important that the student choose a thesis advisor several months before the proposed oral examination. The advisor's assistance is invaluable in developing a thesis topic.

The committee must include no fewer than three full-time members of the Northwestern University faculty, three of whom, including the chair, must be members of the Graduate Faculty. The chair of the committee is expected to hold a tenure-line appointment in the Economics department.

See below for administrative procedures for the dissertation prospectus.

Even though we are a social science rather than a medical science, it is possible that government restrictions on the privacy of human subjects may apply to your PhD dissertation. If you are collecting new data, or even using previously collected data, on individual identifiable people, then you may have to get prior approval for your research from Northwestern’s Institutional Research Board. You should read the FAQ section of their web site to see if it applies to you:
www.research.northwestern.edu/oprs/irb/
The web site also includes information on the approval process, if that is necessary.

The Graduate School requires students to be have defended a dissertation prospectus by the end of their fourth year. It is possible to petition the Graduate School for an extension to this deadline in exceptional circumstances.

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Departmental Policy on Incomplete Grades

The Graduate School defines an incomplete grade as follows:
"A grade of Y is given when a student does not submit all assigned work in a course; a grade of X is given when a student fails to take the final examination. All X or Y grades are incompletes and must be made up within one calendar year of the date the grade is incurred, ...; after one calendar year, the X or Y becomes a permanent grade on the record."

Moreover, "[a] student whose overall grade average is below B or who has more than one incomplete grade or who fails to make progress toward the degree in accordance with the requirements adopted by the Graduate Faculty is not meeting academic standards."

Students who are not in "Good Academic Standing" are unable to receive financial aid, and receive warning letters from the Graduate School.

The Department implemented the Economics 501 seminar in the mid-1990s to provide a forum for presenting papers. Consequently, faculty are expected to limit field course assignments to those which are expected to be completed during the quarter the course is offered. In addition to the usual examinations, homework assignments and "referee reports," it was felt to be especially useful if faculty required students to prepare an "outline" or "prospectus" for a paper. The objective is to avoid the needless accumulation of incomplete grades that frequently cause students to be reprimanded by the Graduate School.

There are only two exceptions to this policy. First the History requirement (Economics 420) can assign an incomplete grade for 12 months to permit completion of a history paper which is outside of the Economics 501 seminar. Second, econometrics courses can assign an incomplete only until the end of the vacation period following the quarter the class is in.

Otherwise, all and any incomplete grades require the permission of the Director of Graduate Studies.

Students should notify the Director of Graduate Studies immediately of any violation of this policy.

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Information on Economics 501 Graduate Student Seminar

The Economics 501 seminar is aimed primarily at third year students. The seminar normally meets twice a week in the Fall and Spring Quarters, and occasionally in the Winter Quarter. It is mandatory that all third year students attend every seminar.

Second year students should plan to attend some seminars in the Spring Quarter to gain some idea of the level of papers and presentation.

Registration

Normally, all third year students register for this seminar each quarter. However, it is not essential that they do so, as the Department keeps track of who has successfully completed presentation of papers using forms that you and your advisors submit. Students should register for the course using the P/N option. No letter grades will be given.

The seminar will be organized by one or two faculty members each year, who will attend each seminar.

Presentations

In normal circumstances students will present one paper in the fall quarter of their third year and another later in the year. However, second year students who have made good progress on their first paper can sign up to present the paper in the spring quarter of their second year.

An initial allocation of who will present on which day will be given in the September edition of the Graduate Connection newsletter, based on a random drawing of names. Pareto-improving exchanges can then occur between students, with the consent of the organizers.

Alternatively, students may present their paper(s) in a regular Departmental seminar, or an organized field "lunch." Students wishing to do so, must discuss this in advance with the faculty organizer of the Economics 501 seminar. Students will still be required to attend the Economics 501 seminars by their fellow students even if they presented their paper(s) in another venue. (However, when a student presents in a field "lunch," attendance by all students is not mandatory.)

Seminar Time and Location

Usually, two seminars will be held each week. Usually, the seminar will be held in the Department's lecture room (Andersen Hall 3245). The days and times will be listed in the University class schedule, on our web site, and in the Graduate Connection newsletter. Only one presentation will be made each day. Presenters should be prepared to speak for forty minutes, and expect to receive questions.

Practical Arrangements

Presenters should give the Main Office a hard copy of their paper a week before their seminar. The office will arrange for copies to be made and distributed to the faculty organizers and students in the third year.

It is the responsibility of the student to arrange for the examination of their paper. The student should approach two appropriate faculty members to (a) evaluate the paper, and (b) attend the presentation. The student should approach faculty who taught classes which stimulated the student's interest in the topic and are also likely to serve on the student's dissertation committee. The presenter should provide both faculty members with copies of the paper at least one week in advance of your seminar. There is a form that allows these faculty members to "sign off" that the paper is acceptable for the department's requirements. This form must be returned to the Graduate Program Coordinator within two weeks of the date of the seminar. The form can be obtained from the Graduate Program Coordinator's office or downloaded in PDF format.

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Procedures for the Dissertation Prospectus

The dissertation prospectus signifies that students: (a) have completed all of their course work, and (b) have an acceptable thesis proposal which is defended at an oral examination.

When you have completed your course work, and have scheduled the oral qualifying examination, you can initiate the process by submitting a Prospectus Committee form to the Graduate School on-line using CAESAR.

The Graduate School then asks the Department to verify that the course work is complete and a successful prospectus defense occurred. So that the Department can do this, the candidate should complete the Department's Certification of a Dissertation Prospectus form. Hard copies of this form are available from the Graduate Program Coordinator's office, or it can be downloaded in PDF format:
Form GS3b

The candidate should complete sections 1 to 5 of this form before the oral examination. These sections ask you to provide information on the completion of your course work (preliminary examinations, field courses, paper presentations, and the Economic History requirement).

The candidate should take the form to the oral examination, where the members of the candidate's committee can sign their acceptance of the prospectus in section 6.

The completed form, along with a copy of your transcript (which can be printed out from CAESAR), should be returned immediately to the Graduate Program Coordinator's office. The Director of Graduate Studies will then review the form and authorize the Graduate School to accept your dissertation prospectus.

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